Protein Synthesis Lab

          This process is call protein synthesis. A copy is made of one side of the DNA (called the mRNA) where the gene is located. This copy is transferred to the cytoplasm. Then mRNA then leaves the DNA and travels to the ribosome. The segment is fed through the ribosome. The mRNA bonds with a ribosome, which will make a protein. The ribosome reads the first three bases of the whole sequence where the ribosome translates the amino acid (it will repeat this action through). The mRNA bonds with a ribosome, which will make a protein.

          When a mutation occurs it can either be a mutation that makes a small difference or a big difference. A small problem occurs when a mutation effect the amino acid sequence but in total the mutation does not make the base a different one. A big difference is when a base is added or pulled out and the amino acid changes. There are two main topic kinds of mutation. Substitution which is when a nucleotide is substituted for another. The other, frameshift mutation - a frameshift mutation breaks into two separate parts. Those two parts are called insertion (when an extra base pair is put into the code) and deletion (when a base pair is left out of the code). If a T was inserted into the code at the end versus the beginning it would do less damage to the sequence. This is because the mistake acts like a chain effect. 

           In my own sequence on for the lab I chose to add in a frameshift mutation because I though this would make the biggest effect. I inserted an extra base in the very beginning, specifically the fourth base. This then effected the rest of sequence. It matters where the mutation occurs because it can either effect the whole rest of the sequence or only some of it.  

          Amino acids can really effect you life. For example there is one mutation that happened and its called Apert syndrome. Apert syndrome s a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones and sometimes even fuses fingers and toes together. Almost all cases of Apert syndrome result from new mutations in the gene, and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Although if one has Apert syndrome they may pass this on to there newborns.